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Using an e-cigarette is an alternative to smoking, but it is also a risky method. Several factors may play a part in your decision. These factors include your age, the type of nicotine product you choose, and whether or not you can quit smoking completely.
Nicotine
Several recent studies have examined the effects of nicotine in an e-cigarette. These studies have used a variety of methodologies to test the effects of nicotine. They have shown that the amount of nicotine delivered by an e-cigarette is not significantly different from the amount delivered by a regular cigarette. In addition, they have also found that the nicotine delivered by an e-cigarette is sufficient for physiological effects.
In a single-visit double-blind study, participants self-administered standardized puffs of 10 different flavored e-cigarette solutions. These solutions were available in either salt or free-base nicotine formulations. Compared to the free-base formulation, the salt formulation had higher ratings of appeal and smoothness. In addition, the nicotine salt formulation had a lower rating of harshness.
Flavorings
Whether they’re designed to taste like tobacco or fruit, 전자담배 liquids contain a plethora of flavorings. Some of these compounds may be safe in ingested form, but they may cause a host of problems in the lungs when inhaled.
A study recently published in JAMA examined the effects of ENDS flavorings on e-cigarette users. Using a national, population-based study, the researchers assessed how much e-cigarette users report using different flavor categories and whether those users used an open or closed refillable device.
The results suggest that using a refillable e-cigarette is associated with more non-tobacco flavorings while using an open vaping device is associated with more fruit flavors. The study also found that adult and youth vaping populations have differing preferences for flavorings.
Aerosols
Several studies have shown that e-cigarette aerosols have adverse effects on lung function. These effects include lung emphysema, airway hyperreactivity, and inflammatory responses in the heart and other organs.
The lungs represent the main site for aerosol deposition during inhalant use. In addition, inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols can induce fibrotic changes in cardiac tissue. It is also thought that inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols induces cell apoptosis. The effects of e-cigarette aerosols on the cardiovascular system are still being investigated.
To determine the chemical composition of e-cigarette aerosols, researchers used several techniques. Some studies used GC-MS or HPLC to identify different constituents. The results indicated that e-liquids contain a wide variety of chemicals. Some of these chemicals are listed as harmful or potentially harmful by the FDA.
Endothelial function
Various studies have shown that cigarette smoking, including e-cigarettes, affects endothelial function. Endothelial cells regulate the opening of blood vessels, regulate the immune and inflammatory responses, and regulate bloodstream exchange. In addition, endothelial cells are involved in wound healing, including in diabetic wounds. Consequently, endothelial function is an early indicator of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, there are several questions about how the use of e-cigarettes affects endothelial function.
Chronic vaping of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes results in oxidative stress. The result is reduced endothelial bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, e-cigarettes increase the production of superoxide. This increases the oxidative inactivation of NO and leads to endothelial dysfunction.
Vascular stiffness
Several recent studies have evaluated the impact of e-cigarette use on metrics of vascular health. These studies have shown that e-cigarettes are associated with an increase in arterial stiffness. However, the mechanisms involved in the effects of e-cigarette vaping on vascular function are not fully understood.
In this study, Dr. Lundback and colleagues recruited 15 healthy young volunteers and measured the effects of vaping an e-cigarette on vascular function. Subjects were randomly assigned to a nicotine-free liquid control group or a nicotine-containing e-cigarette group. They were then followed for two hours after smoking or vaping.
E-cigarette vaping was associated with a small increase in aortic pulse wave velocity, which suggests that aortic stiffness may be increased after vaping. However, the increase was not significant.
Smoking cessation
Whether or not e-cigarettes help smokers quit is a contested topic. However, several studies suggest they are effective for smoking cessation. In a randomized controlled trial, the authors showed that using e-cigarettes is associated with a higher probability of quitting.
The authors compared the quit rates of e-cigarette users to those of participants who received group-based smoking cessation treatment from tobacco counselors. In the end, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Despite this, e-cigarette users showed a higher quit rate and a lower relapse rate seven months after quitting.
This study was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The authors of the study used a randomized clinical trial to enroll 486 adults with the motivation to stop smoking. Intake and follow-up assessments were conducted over 24 weeks.
